French Defense
The French Defense (1.e4 e6) is a solid and resilient opening where Black immediately prepares to challenge White’s center with ...d5. It often leads to closed positions with pawn chains, requiring strategic maneuvering rather than immediate open tactical play. Black accepts a somewhat passive light-squared bishop in exchange for a strong central structure and counterplay opportunities.
Counter-Play for Black
Black’s primary counterplay involves challenging White’s center with ...c5 or ...f6, depending on the variation. The typical plans include attacking White’s pawn chain from the base, seeking counterplay on the queenside (as in the Winawer), or preparing a counterstrike in the center. Over time, Black's solid structure and well-timed breaks can lead to powerful counterattacks.
Options for White
White typically aims to establish central dominance with d4 and push e5 to gain space. In many lines, White seeks a kingside attack, often utilizing the f4-f5 pawn break and piece coordination against Black’s position. Alternatively, White can play more positionally, pressuring Black’s queenside weaknesses and restricting counterplay.